Introduction to C++

• History and significance of the C++ programming language.
• Structure of a C++ program.
• Compiling and executing C++ programs.

Variables and Data Types

• Declaring and initializing variables.
• Fundamental data types (int, float, double, char, bool).
• Using modifiers (signed, unsigned, short, long).

Input and Output

• Using cout and cin for console input/output.
• Formatting output using manipulators.
• Working with standard input/output streams.

Operators and Expressions

• Arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %).
• Relational and logical operators (>, <, ==, &&, ||).
• Bitwise operators (&, |, ~, ^).

Control Flow

• Conditional statements (if-else, switch-case).
• Looping constructs (for, while, do-while).
• Using break and continue statements.

Arrays and Pointers

• Declaring and accessing arrays.
• Working with multidimensional arrays.
• Understanding pointers and memory addresses.

Functions

• Defining and calling functions.
• Passing arguments to functions (pass by value, pass by reference).
• Overloading functions.

Classes and Objects

• Creating classes and objects.
• Defining and accessing class members (fields, properties, methods).
• Constructors and object initialization.

Inheritance and Polymorphism

• Inheriting from base classes.
• Method overriding and virtual/override keywords.
• Abstract classes and interfaces.

Exception Handling

• Handling exceptions using try-catch blocks.
• Throwing and catching exceptions.
• Creating custom exception classes.

Templates and Generic Programming

• Using template classes and functions.
• Template specialization.
• Generic programming concepts.

Standard Template Library (STL)

• Introduction to STL containers (vector, list, map, etc.).
• Algorithms (sorting, searching, etc.) and iterators.
• Using STL algorithms and containers.

File Handling and I/O

• Working with files (reading, writing, appending).
• Streams and stream manipulators.
• Serializing and deserializing objects.

Advanced Topics (optional)

• Function pointers.
• Operator overloading.
• Memory management (dynamic memory allocation, smart pointers).
• Multithreading and concurrency.