Introduction to Database Systems

• Overview of database management systems (DBMS)
• Role and importance of DBMS in modern applications
• Types of database systems (relational, NoSQL, etc.)

Relational Data Model

• Understanding the relational data model
• Entities, attributes, and relationships
• Entity-relationship diagrams (ERDs)

Relational Database Design

• Database design principles
• Functional dependencies and normalization
• Normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF)

SQL (Structured Query Language)

• Introduction to SQL and its components
• Data definition language (DDL) and data manipulation language (DML) statements
• Querying and modifying relational databases with SQL

Relational Algebra and Calculus

• Overview of relational algebra
• Relational calculus and its variants
• Query optimization techniques

Indexing and Query Processing

• Indexing techniques (B-trees, hash indexes, etc.)
• Query processing and optimization
• Execution plans and cost estimation

Transaction Management

• Introduction to transactions and their properties (ACID)
• Concurrency control and transaction isolation levels
• Deadlock detection and prevention

Database Security and Authorization

• Database security principles and concepts
• Access control and user authentication
• Data encryption and security policies

Database Recovery and Backup

• Backup and restore techniques
• Point-in-time recovery and transaction logs
• Database recovery mechanisms

Distributed Databases

• Introduction to distributed databases
• Distributed database design and architecture
• Consistency and replication strategies

NoSQL Databases

• Overview of NoSQL databases
• Types of NoSQL databases (document, key-value, columnar, graph)
• Use cases and considerations for using NoSQL databases

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence

• Introduction to data warehousing concepts
• Data modeling for data warehousing
• Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) and data mining

Advanced Database Concepts

• Object-oriented and object-relational databases
• Multimedia databases and spatial databases
• Temporal and active databases

Emerging Trends in Database Management

• Big data and distributed file systems
• Cloud databases and database-as-a-service
• Blockchain and decentralized databases