Introduction to C

• History and significance of the C programming language.
• Structure of a C program.
• Compiling and executing C programs.

Variables and Data Types

• Declaring and initializing variables.
• Fundamental data types (int, float, double, char).
• Using modifiers (signed, unsigned, short, long).

Input and Output

• Using printf() and scanf() for console input/output.
• Formatting output using format specifiers.
• Working with standard input/output streams.

Operators and Expressions

• Arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %).
• Relational and logical operators (>, <, ==, &&, ||).
• Bitwise operators (&, |, ~, ^).

Control Flow

• Conditional statements (if-else, switch-case).
• Looping constructs (for, while, do-while).
• Using break and continue statements.

Arrays

• Declaring and accessing arrays.
• Working with multidimensional arrays.
• Passing arrays to functions.

Pointers

• Understanding the concept of pointers.
• Declaring and initializing pointers.
• Pointer arithmetic and accessing values using pointers.

Functions

• Defining and calling functions.
• Passing arguments to functions (pass by value, pass by reference).
• Returning values from functions.

Structures and Unions

• Creating structures and accessing structure members.
• Using unions to store different types of data.

Dynamic Memory Allocation

• Allocating and releasing memory using malloc(), calloc(), and free().
• Understanding the heap and stack memory.

File Handling

• Working with files (opening, reading, writing, closing).
• Sequential and random access file operations.
• Error handling in file operations.

Preprocessor Directives

• Using preprocessor directives (#define, #include, #ifdef, etc.).
• Conditional compilation.

Error Handling and Debugging

• Handling runtime errors and exceptions.
• Debugging techniques and tools.
• Writing robust and error-free code.

Advanced Topics (optional)

• Function pointers.
• Enumerations.
• Bit manipulation.
• Memory management techniques.